Table 3 Maternal body mass index in early pregnancy and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia by child’s sex, age at diagnosis and birth weight, and maternal smoking and age at delivery.

From: Maternal weight during pregnancy and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in offspring

 

Maternal BMI in early pregnancy (kg/m2)

Pregnancies, No.

Total

Girls

Boys

ALL, No.

SIR (95% CI)

ALL, No.

SIR (95% CI)

ALL, No.

SIR (95% CI)

Child’s age at diagnosis (yr)a,b,c,d

0–5

<18.5

105,899

38

1.2 (0.9–1.7)

14

0.9 (0.5–1.5)

24

1.5 (1.0–2.2)

18.5–24.9

1,911,792

568

Reference

262

Reference

306

Reference

≥25

943,743

279

1.0 (0.9–1.2)

146

1.2 (1.1–1.5)

133

0.9 (0.7–1.0)

6–18

<18.5

88,458

22

1.1 (0.7–1.7)

12

1.8 (0.9–3.1)

10

0.8 (0.4–1.4)

18.5–24.9

1,531,241

323

Reference

114

Reference

209

Reference

≥25

685,123

158

1.2 (1.0–1.4)

68

1.5 (1.2–1.9)

90

1.1 (0.9–1.3)

Child’s birth weight (g)a,c,d

<3500

<18.5

67,928

39

1.2 (0.9–1.7)

16

1.0 (0.6–1.6)

23

1.5 (1.0–2.3)

18.5–24.9

906,071

377

Reference

192

Reference

185

Reference

≥25

361,892

148

1.2 (1.0–1.4)

86

1.4 (1.1–1.8)

62

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

≥3500

<18.5

37,661

21

1.0 (0.6–1.5)

10

1.3 (0.6–2.4)

11

0.8 (0.4–1.4)

18.5–24.9

1,000,868

512

Reference

183

Reference

329

Reference

≥25

579,801

288

1.1 (1.0–1.3)

127

1.4 (1.1–1.6)

161

1.0 (0.9–1.2)

Maternal smoking during pregnancya,b,c

Non-smoker

<18.5

78,815

46

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

17

1.0 (0.6–1.5)

29

1.3 (0.9–1.9)

18.5–24.9

1,626,078

743

Reference

318

Reference

425

Reference

≥25

809,610

362

1.1 (1.0–1.3)

177

1.3 (1.1–1.6)

185

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

Smoker

<18.5

23,411

14

1.3 (0.7–2.1)

9

1.9 (0.9–3.5)

5

0.8 (0.3–1.8)

18.5–24.9

244,413

119

Reference

49

Reference

70

Reference

≥25

120,622

68

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

32

1.7 (1.2–2.5)

36

1.1 (0.7–1.5)

Maternal age at delivery (yr)a,b,d

<30

<18.5

67,690

37

1.1 (0.8–1.5)

14

1.0 (0.5–1.6)

23

1.2 (0.8–1.8)

18.5–24.9

923,411

439

Reference

184

Reference

255

Reference

≥25

418,222

195

1.2 (1.0–1.3)

93

1.4 (1.1–1.7)

102

1.0 (0.8–1.2)

≥30

<18.5

38,209

23

1.2 (0.8–1.8)

12

1.4 (0.7–2.4)

11

1.0 (0.5–1.9)

18.5–24.9

988,382

452

Reference

192

Reference

260

Reference

≥25

525,521

242

1.2 (1.0–1.3)

121

1.4 (1.2–1.7)

121

1.0 (0.8–1.2)

  1. Bold SIR indicate statistically significant.
  2. ALL Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, BMI Body mass index, CI Confidence interval, SIR Standardized incidence ratio, Yr Year.
  3. aAdjusted for calendar period, maternal region of residence, socioeconomic status, and diabetes, and child’s sex and family history of ALL.
  4. bAdditionally adjusted for child’s birth weight.
  5. cAdditionally adjusted for maternal age at delivery.
  6. dAdditionally adjusted for maternal smoking during pregnancy.
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