Fig. 3: Comprehensive electrochemical measurements and the corresponding SPR response spectra.

a CV curves for the supercapacitor at scan rates of 10, 15, and 20 mV s−1, (b) stored charge calculated from CV curves, (c) the corresponding sensor SPR transmitted intensity change, and (d) linear fit of the change of sensor SPR transmitted intensity vs. the maximum stored charges, where each data point is the average of three CV tests. e GCD curves at currents of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mA, (f, g) the corresponding stored charge and SPR response, and (h) linear fit of the averages from three GCD tests; (i) galvanostatic charge and voltage holding (GCVH) test, (j–l) similar data extracted as in (b–d) and (f–h)