Fig. 4: T-CUP for laser pulse sweeping, spatial focusing, reflection, and splitting.

a Experimental setup for laser pulse sweeping through a scattering bar-pattern target. b Representative frames showing a single laser pulse obliquely impinging upon the bar pattern, imaged by T-CUP at 10 Tfps (see Supplementary Movie S3 for the full evolution). In the top left panel, the dashed line indicates the light pulse front, and the arrow denotes the in-plane light propagation direction (k_xy). c Top left panel: Experimental setup for the spatial focusing of a single laser pulse (532 nm wavelength, 7 ps pulse width) in a weakly scattering aqueous suspension. The 10× objective has a 0.3 NA and a 15 mm focal length. The field of view is indicated by the yellow dashed box. Remaining panels: Representative frames of T-CUP for spatial focusing of a single laser pulse, imaged by T-CUP at 2.5 Tfps (see Supplementary Movie S4 for the full evolution). d Time-lapse normalized intensity of the focus with a Gaussian fit. e Representative frames showing a single laser pulse (532 nm wavelength, 7 ps pulse duration) split by a 50:50 beam splitter, imaged by T-CUP at 2.5 Tfps (see Supplementary Movie S5 for the full evolution). A small amount of water vapor was sprayed into the path in the air to scatter the light from the scene into the T-CUP system. f Time courses of the average normalized intensities on both sides of the beam splitter (the blue and red dashed boxes in the top left panel of e). Both time courses were fitted by a Gaussian profile. g Representative frames showing a single laser pulse being bounced by two mirrors, imaged by T-CUP at 1 Tfps (see Supplementary Movie S6 for the full evolution). The field of view for T-CUP is indicated by the white dashed box