Fig. 2

a Extinction coefficient of the protein phase (black), the thylakoid stratum (red), and the granal layer (green) as a function of the chlorophyll molar concentration c_protein (with respect to the protein phase) at λ = 680 nm. The inset shows a representative absorption spectrum of LHCIIs. b Absorption (continuous lines) and scattering (dashed lines) efficiencies of cylindrical grana as a function of the extinction coefficient k of the granal layer. The granal height is H = 300 nm, and the diameter D is parametrized from 200 to 600 nm. c Absorption efficiency of cylindrical grana with D = 300 nm as a function of H, parametrized for k from 0.01 to 0.1. d Scattering efficiency of cylindrical grana with k = 0.01 as a function of H, parametrized for D from 200 nm to 600 nm. All calculations are at λ = 680 nm