Fig. 7: Classical models of spatial nonparaxial OVs.
From: Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities
Polarization topology of optical Möbius strips with twisted TCs of –1/2 and –3/2 (a, b)56. Nodal trefoil knot and pigtail braid knot OVs (c, d) and corresponding phase distributions (e, f)104. Optical vortex knots of a threefold distorted loop (g), a trefoil knot (h), and a pair of linked rings (i)103. a, b From ref. 56. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. c–f Reprinted by permission from Nature Physics104, Copyright (2019). g–i Reprinted by permission from Nature Physics103, Copyright (2019)
