Fig. 11: Self-referenced dual-mode thermal stabilization technique.

a The experimental setup of the self-referenced dual-mode stabilization technique¹³⁶. b A pair of TE and TM WGMs with a small frequency detuning Δf = f_o − f_e¹³⁶. c The long-term absolute resonance frequency and dual-mode frequency are shown as blue and red curves, respectively, in the free-running case (t < 0 h) and the case with the temperature stabilized (t > 0 h) with the dual-mode technique. Inset: Magnification of the frequency fluctuation¹³⁷. Reprinted with permission from ref. ¹³⁷ [OSA The Optical Society]