Fig. 2: Cascading upconversion amplification effect based on the MLA/Au NR/CSS UCNC hybrid structure. | Light: Science & Applications

Fig. 2: Cascading upconversion amplification effect based on the MLA/Au NR/CSS UCNC hybrid structure.

From: Huge upconversion luminescence enhancement by a cascade optical field modulation strategy facilitating selective multispectral narrow-band near-infrared photodetection

Fig. 2

a, Schematic illustration of the cascading amplification strategy for UCNCs. b, c Top-view (b) and cross-section (c) SEM images of MLA-1. d AFM characterization of the heights of MLA-1, MLA-2, and MLA-3. e SEM image of the Au NR film. f Absorption spectra of Au NR films with different aspect ratios. g Top-view SEM image of Au NR/CSS UCNC hybrids. (Inset) Cross-sectional SEM image of Au NR/CSS UCNC hybrids. h Enhancement factors for three kinds of MLAs under excitation at 808, 980, and 1540 nm in MLA/CSS UCNC composites at an excitation power density of 2 mW cm−2. i Enhancement factors for Au NR/CSS, MLA-1/CSS, and MLA-1/Au NR/CSS composites under 808, 980, and 1540 nm excitation. j Simulated electric field intensity distribution of MLA-1, MLA-2, MLA-3 and MLA-1/Au NR structures. Note that 808, 980 and 1540 nm plane wave light sources are used for excitation. k The calculated average electric field intensity \(\overline {\left| E \right|^2/\left| {E_0} \right|^2}\) of Au NRs, MLAs, and MLA-1/Au NRs with incident wavelengths of 808, 980, and 1540 nm, respectively

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