Fig. 2: Zoo of nanolasers designed since the first demonstrations of plasmonic nanolasers in 2009.

a A cavity combining distributed Bragg reflectors with metal56. b A double-patch metal cavity57. c A core-shell nanowire on a single-crystal silver film46. d A CdSe nanowire tangentially coupled to a silver wire58. e A semiconductor-metal co-axial cavity59. f quantum wells in a metal pan60. g A microdisk laser with a plasmonic disk32. h A metamaterial laser61. i–k 1D plasmonic crystal lasers51,62,63. l A perovskite-based plasmonic nanolaser52. m A metallic trench Fabry–Pérot resonator plasmonic nanolaser53. n, o 2D plasmonic crystal nanolasers54,55.