Fig. 7: Optical components fabricated by dual femtosecond laser beam LIPAA.

a, e Microscopic images of a Dammann Grating and an OAM generator fabricated on sapphire. b, f Theoretical simulation of the diffraction pattern of the Dammann Grating and OAM generator. c, d Measured diffraction patterns of the Dammann Grating fabricated by dual-beam LIPAA and single-beam femtosecond laser ablation, respectively. g, h Measured diffraction patterns of the OAM generator fabricated by dual-beam LIPAA and single-beam femtosecond laser ablation, respectively54. Reproduced with permission from ref. 54, © 2020 Optical Society of America