Fig. 9: Proposed mechanism of LIBWE using 1064 nm laser and CuSO4 solution as the liquid absorber73.

a Laser irradiates from the top. b Copper deposition on the backside of the glass. c The deposited copper absorbs the laser energy and heats up the immediate glass region. d Removal of the molten substrate. Reproduce with permission from ref. 74, © Springer-Verlag 2008