Fig. 3: Zernike expansion.

a Depiction of the Zernike polynomials up to j = 35. The associated single index j is indicated at the top left of each distribution. For illustrative purpose, the maximum amplitude of all polynomials is set to 1. b, c Zernike expansion coefficients of the phase distributions ϕ1,x shown in d, e, respectively. Contributions from polynomials j = 0,1,2,4 are removed from all images. d, e Reconstructed phase distributions for two investigated MO1s (Leica Microsystems, HCX PL FLUOTAR, ×100/0.90 POL and Leica Microsystems, HCX PL FLUOTAR, ×100/0.90). A reference measurement recorded with SHSInspect 2Xpass by Optocraft GmbH is shown at the top right of each phase distribution