Fig. 1: Synthesis method and morphology of the ligand-tailored SnO2 QDs. | Light: Science & Applications

Fig. 1: Synthesis method and morphology of the ligand-tailored SnO2 QDs.

From: Room-temperature multiple ligands-tailored SnO2 quantum dots endow in situ dual-interface binding for upscaling efficient perovskite photovoltaics with high VOC

Fig. 1

a Schematic of a facile one-step aqueous wet-chemical approach to rapid formulate multi-functional SnO2 QDs. b Schematic of a planar perovskite solar cell device structure using an electron transporting layer of SnO2 QDs. c 1. TEM image of SnO2 QDs coated on a carbon support copper grid. Inset shows the particle size distribution of SnO2 QDs. Note that the irregular green circle is the guideline of the SnO2 QDs edge. 2. High-resolution TEM of SnO2 QDs. The lattice fringes of the (110) crystal plane with a space distance of around 0.33 nm are clearly observed. 3. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of SnO2 QDs. Electron reflection rings from the (110), (101), (211), and (310) crystal planes of SnO2 were clearly observed. d Selected area of high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) STEM image of SnO2 QDs and the corresponding STEM-EELS maps of Sn and O signals

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