Fig. 4: Dynamics of the vdW NOEMS functioning as ultrafast thermo-radiators.
From: A monolithically sculpted van der Waals nano-opto-electro-mechanical coupler
a Typical ultrafast blackbody radiation excited by square electrical pulse sequences with a fixed repetition rate of 100 kHz (T = 10 μs) but various electrical pulse duration ΔTE = 10, 15, 30, 40, 50, and 60 ns, respectively. Inset presents the input voltage signals (electrical voltage pulses of the excitation trace in ns time scale recorded by an oscilloscope) on the tested devices. b Electrical pulse width ΔTE versus the corresponding light-emission pulse width ΔTPhoton extracted from (a). Dashed lines are linear fits. c Optical image captured in the CCD camera at fixed Vds, showing the status of light emission of the vertical vdW thermionic emission diode. White dashed lines illustrate the top view profile of the emitter. Scale bar = 5 μm. Data were obtained at 300 K and under a vacuum condition of about 10−2 mbar. A collector voltage of +40 V was maintained throughout the measurements. d Profiles of thermionic electron emission IEmission (red squares) and Ids (green circles) as a function of Vds. Error bars represent the fluctuation of currents recorded during measurements
