Fig. 5: Single- and multi-photon FL spectra of FA-CDs and FA-CDs@BSA aqueous solutions

a Absorption and b emission spectra of FA-CDs@BSA aqueous solutions at different composing ratios (FA-CDs: 0.01 mg mL−1, BSA: 0 to 3 mg mL−1). c Maximum FL intensities of FA-CDs@BSA aqueous solutions with varied BSA concentrations at the contained FA-CDs concentration of 0.01 mg mL−1. The insets show the FL images of FA-CDs (0.01 mg mL−1) (left) and FA-CDs@BSA (FA-CDs: 0.01 mg mL−1, BSA: 1 mg mL−1) (right) aqueous solutions under 589 nm excitation. Two-photon FL spectra of d FA-CDs (0.5 mg mL−1) and e FA-CDs@BSA (FA-CDs: 0.5 mg mL−1, BSA: 50 mg mL−1) in water at different powers of 1150 nm fs laser. f Maximum two-photon FL intensities under different power excitation. The insets show the photos of 0.5 mg mL−1 FA-CDs (left) and FA-CDs@BSA (FA-CDs: 0.5 mg mL−1, BSA: 50 mg mL−1) (right) in water under 1150 nm fs laser at 3.5 mW. Three-photon FL spectra of g FA-CDs and h FA-CDs@BSA in water at different powers of 1550 nm fs laser. i Maximum three-photon FL intensities under different power excitation. The insets show the photos of 0.5 mg mL−1 FA-CDs (left) and FA-CDs@BSA (FA-CDs: 0.5 mg mL−1, BSA: 50 mg mL−1) (right) in water under 1550 nm fs laser at 5 mW