Fig. 11: NIR deep-brain stimulation through UCNPs-mediated optogenetics. | Light: Science & Applications

Fig. 11: NIR deep-brain stimulation through UCNPs-mediated optogenetics.

From: Rare-earth based materials: an effective toolbox for brain imaging, therapy, monitoring and neuromodulation

Fig. 11

a Transcranial NIR stimulation of VTA dopamine neurons. In the presence of both UCNPs and ChR2, significant release of dopamine can be detected under the stimulation of NIR. b Transcranial NIR inhibition of neural activity to silence seizure. c Transcranial NIR stimulation of hippocampal engram for memory recall. Reprinted with permission from ref. 103. Copyright 2018 American Association for the Advancement of Science

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