Fig. 6: Rare-earth based materials for brain disease therapy.

a PDT therapy of brain glioblastoma. Reprinted with permission from ref. 18. Copyright 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH. b PDT/PTT synergistic treatment of brain glioblastoma. Reprinted with permission from ref. 21. Copyright 2018 Yuan-Chung Tsai et al. c The proposed mechanism of the NIR-light triggered NPT biosystem consisting of UCNPs and S. elongatus to treat ischemic stroke (left). The cerebral infarct volumes of brain in the stroke mice model with different treatments (right). Reprinted with permission from ref. 19. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society