Fig. 3: Structural characterization of NBFYE nanoparticles synthesized by adding different amounts of H2O to the reaction system.

a Schematic illustration of the morphology of nanoparticles varying with the amount of H2O. TEM images of NBFYE nanoparticles synthesized by adding different amounts of H2O to the reaction system in the presence of 1.5 g PAA. (b) 0 mL, (c) 1 mL, (d) 3 mL, (e) 5 mL, (f) 7 mL, and (g) 9 mL