Fig. 2: Quadrature-biased APL set-up.
From: Low-loss microwave photonics links using hollow core fibres

LD, laser diode; EDFA, erbium-doped fibre amplifier; MZM, Mach-Zehnder amplitude modulator; SG, signal generator; VOA, variable optical attenuator; PD, photodiode; ESA, electrical spectrum analyzer. Details of all components are given in the ‘Methods’ section