Fig. 6: Lyotropic liquid crystal-templated chiral plasmonic nanomaterials.

a Schematic chiral nematic ordering of gold nanorods based on CNC soft template. Reproduced with permission from ref. ²⁰⁶. Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. b–d Helicoidal assembly of gold nanorods in colloidal CNC template exhibiting polarization-dependent plasmonic extinction. Reproduced with permission from ref. ²¹⁰. Copyright 2014, WILEY-VCH. e Chiral plasmonic nanomaterials based on the electrostatic interactions between CNCs and plasmonic gold nanoparticles. Reproduced with permission from ref. ²¹⁴. Copyright 2016, WILEY-VCH. f–l Peptide assembly-enabled liquid crystal-like plasmonic helices with long-range order. Reproduced with permission from ref. ¹¹⁷. Copyright 2021, AAAS. f Schematics self-assembly process of hIAPP template and gold nanorods. g Extinction, (h) CD, and (i) g-factor spectra in the co-assembly process. j, k TEM images of nanohelices. l Reconstructed cryo-TEM tomography images of the left-handed helices