Fig. 3

Heterodyne-detected QFRS and dynamics of electronic coherence. (Left column) (a) Heterodyne-detected QFRS with the phase associated with \({{\Phi }}(\bar{\omega },{\omega }_{i})\) being − π/2 (a certain phase of local oscillator). (b, up) Red line is for the 1D slice of (a) at \(\omega -{\omega }_{{{{\rm{pr}}}}}={\omega }_{{e}_{3},{e}_{1}}+2{v}_{h}=2.32\)eV; Black line is for the imaginary part of n = 2 harmonics of the electronic coherence \({\rho }_{{e}_{3},{e}_{1}}\), i.e., \({{{\rm{Im}}}}[{\rho }_{{e}_{3},{e}_{1}}^{(2)}]\). b (down) Same as b (up) but for \(\omega -{\omega }_{{{{\rm{pr}}}}}={\omega }_{{e}_{3},{e}_{2}}+{v}_{h}=1.66\)eV and imaginary part of n = 1 harmonics of the electronic coherence \({\rho }_{{e}_{3},{e}_{2}}\). c Imaginary part of time-evolving electronic coherence, i.e., \({{{\rm{Im}}}}[{\rho }_{{e}_{3},{e}_{1}}]\) (black) and \({{{\rm{Im}}}}[{\rho }_{{e}_{3},{e}_{2}}]\) (red). (Right column) (d) Same as (a) but for the phase associated with \({{\Phi }}(\bar{\omega },{\omega }_{i})\) being − π. e Same as (b) but for 1D slices of (d) (red lines) and \({{{\rm{Re}}}}[{\rho }_{{e}_{3},{e}_{1}}^{(2)}],\,{{{\rm{Re}}}}[{\rho }_{{e}_{3},{e}_{2}}^{(1)}]\) (black lines). f Same as (c) but for \({{{\rm{Re}}}}[{\rho }_{{e}_{3},{e}_{1}}]\) and \({{{\rm{Re}}}}[{\rho }_{{e}_{3},{e}_{2}}]\). Parameters are the same as Fig. 2