Fig. 5: The optical properties of CDs and DHQP.

a Effect of the solvents on the maximum emission wavelength of the CDs and DHQP under excitation of 540 nm. b Changes in the maximal emission wavelength of the CDs and DHQP in methanol/EtOAc with the different methanol proportions. c Effect of pH value on the fluorescence intensity at 598 and 646 nm of CDs and DHATP. d Time-resolved photoluminescence decay of the emission at 598 nm of CDs and DHQP excited by 475 nm. (EtOAc: Ethyl acetate, CF: Chloroform, AC: Acetone, DMF: N, N-Dimethylformamide, DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide, IPA: 2-Propanol, n-BuOH: n-Butanol, EtOH: Ethanol, MeOH: Methanol)