Fig. 17: Laser patterning of graphene holograms.

a Schematic illustration of the optical digitalization of refractive-index/phase modulation by athermal photoreduction using a single fs pulse. b Typical examples of microscopic images of sections of rGO holograms produced by objectives with different NA values. c Results for 2D graphene based holographic pattern. (d) Optical microscopy image of a patterned 3-layer graphene sample. (Left) The holographic image produced when the patterned graphene sample is illuminated with a green laser beam. (Right). a, b Adapted with permission from ref. ⁹, Springer Nature. c, d Adapted with permission from ref. ¹¹, Wiley-VCH