Fig. 18: Realization of hybrid optics by transferring flexible PDL on rigid refractive optics.

a Hybrid optics fabricated by transferring ultra-thin diffractive micro-optics array to traditional rigid refractive optics. b 5 × 5 lens array patterned on GO film which is coated on a cover glass and subsequently transferred onto a thin PDMS film. Scale bar: 5 mm. c The lens array on PDMS film conforms to various hybrid optics applications. Scale bar: 5 mm. d Schematic of the beam propagation from a collimated laser beam to hybrid refractive-diffractive optics and the resulting beam profiles were simulated at different focal depths. a–d Adapted with permission from ref. ⁸, Elsevier