Fig. 1: Workflow of live-organoid phase-fluorescent image transformation (PhaseFIT).

The mouse/human-derived 2.5D organoids recapitulate the features of in vivo gut epithelium (such as the crypt-villus structure and the diverse cell populations) and are compatible with high-throughput screening (HTS). The conventional image-based phenotypic analysis exhibits four shortcomings, including time-consuming immunofluorescent staining, high cost for antibodies, complex system for multiplex image acquisition, and variations caused by staining and imaging between different benches. To overcome those shortcomings, PhaseFIT can transform the live-organoid phase images to generate multiplex fluorescent images using AI-driven virtual painting