Fig. 6: Specific cytokine detection with immobilized antibodies.

a, b Sensorgrams showing the real-time detection of cancer markers TNF-alpha (a) and IL-6 (b) from 0.1 fM to 1 nM on silver-GST substrate at 785 nm. c The schematic of GST surface functionalization for cancer marker detection. d The comparison of sensor responses between TNF-alpha and IL-6 after 20 minutes of adsorption. The error bar denotes the variation of GH shift measured at the last minute of adsorption measurement. e, f Adsorption of non-specific and specific antigens on homologous antibodies. e The adsorption of TNF-α and IL-6 marker on TNF-α antibody functionalized sensor. f The adsorption of IL-6 and TNF-α marker on IL-6 antibody functionalized sensor