Fig. 2: Simulation electron trajectories.

a The ICCSFA calculated initial tunneling exit distribution of the electron emitted from the Ar. The yellow and blue areas correspond to the direct release and tunnelling capture regions. The nuclear position of the Ar and Kr are labelled by the colored dots. b, c The typical direct release (green line), weak capture (blue line) and strong capture (orange line) trajectories of the electrons born in a. The gray contour lines indicate the Coulomb potential well of the Ar⁺-Kr⁺. d Time-dependent streaking energy spectra of the electrons born in the strong capture and direct release region. The dash gray line plots the electric field projection along the major axis of the elliptically polarized probe pulse. e The FFT amplitude distribution of the time-dependent streaking energy spectra in d. The amplitude of the fast wiggle is enlarged 14 times to increase the visibility