Fig. 10: Illustration of the unified framework in diffraction tomography.

Combining the spatial scanning principle of CT, the 3D RI distribution of a weakly scattering sample is reconstructed from the measurements of multiple 2-D holograms with various optical projections. The optical projections of object can be achieved by using illumination scanning and object rotations. a Object is illuminated by plane waves from different directions, and the total field \(O({\bf{r}})\) results from the interference between the scattered field \({O}_{s}({\bf{r}})\) and the unperturbed fields \({O}_{in}({\bf{r}})\). b Experimental setups for standard diffraction tomography techniques. c Beam scanning methods based on mechanical modulation such as a dual-axis galvanometer mirror. d Beam scanning methods based on light modulation such as SLM or DMD. e Object rotation scanning methods based on mechanical rotation. f Object rotation scanning methods based on holographic optical tweezers. g Object rotation scanning methods based on microfluidic channels. h Supports in k-space for the cases of 2D imaging under angle-varied illuminations. i The 2D perspective of 3D supports in k-space for the cases of 3D imaging under angle-varied illuminations. j The 3D supports in k-space for the cases of 3D imaging under angle-varied illuminations, and the full k-space coverage for the scattering potential of the 3D sample. k The 3D optical transfer functions of the system under sample rotations, and the full k-space coverage for the scattering potential of the 3D sample