Fig. 17: Future perspective about theoretical and application issues.

a Toward super-resolution. An imaging system pushes the resolution toward the sub-diffraction limit by combining holography, microscopy, light scattering techniques, and vector diffraction theory. b Toward high throughout. bioimaging, It is expected to observe more dynamic events per minute. which is as critical as having a large FOV and a high resolution. c Toward fast clinical diagnosis. Using the advantage of label-free, DH can be further expanded in the classification and diagnosis of key cellular behaviors such as programmed cell death pathways, differentiation, cell cycle progression, and immunological responses. d Toward quantitative characterization measurement of full optical properties, where t is the time. Vector light fields describe the anisotropic structure sample. It brings our attention to a novel anisotropic feature of biological cells, micro- and nano-functional devices