Fig. 2

Blind testing results of the diffractive complex field imager using design III. a Thickness profile of the trained layers of the diffractive complex field imager following the design III in Fig. 1c. The layout of the amplitude and phase FOVs in comparison to the size of a diffractive layer is also provided. b Exemplary blind testing input complex objects never seen by the diffractive imager model during its training, along with their corresponding output amplitude and phase images. c, d Same as b, except that the testing images are taken from the MNIST and QuickDraw datasets, respectively, demonstrating external generalization to image datasets with different structural distributions