Fig. 1: Terahertz Kerr effect induced frequency shift. | Light: Science & Applications

Fig. 1: Terahertz Kerr effect induced frequency shift.

From: Giant Kerr nonlinearity of terahertz waves mediated by stimulated phonon polaritons in a microcavity chip

Fig. 1

a, b THz waves strongly couple with phonons in ionic crystals, taking lithium niobate for an example, resulting in a remarkable increase in the Kerr nonlinearity, which modulates the refractive index, leading to a frequency shift. c Spectrum of a single-mode microcavity at pump powers of 190 mW and 403 mW. The initial peak amplitudes are 5.703 kV mm−1 and 12.493 kV mm−1, respectively, and the corresponding frequencies are 0.635 and 0.625 THz, and the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility can be calculated from the frequency shift

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