Fig. 4: The simulated and measured results for different phase combinations.

a Photograph of the fabricated metasurface sample. b Experimental setup and the environment in an anechoic chamber. Under y-polarized wave excitation, (c–f) the simulated and measured amplitudes (upper panel), phase differences (\(\angle\)Γyy-\(\angle\)Γxy) (middle panel), and polarization direction (bottom panel) for voltage-controlled phase combinations in the x-/y-directions of 0°/0°, 0°/90°, 0°/180°, and 90°/0°, respectively, where the solid lines and the dashed lines indicate the simulated and measured results, respectively