Table 1 Comparison of Rabi splitting and operating temperature of exciton polariton based on different TMD materials

Fabry-Pérot cavity

WS₂

DBR + DBR

400

40 (monolayer, 110 K)

Formation of exciton polariton⁵²

2000

37 (monolayer, RT)

Polariton condensate⁴³

42 (monolayer, 20 K)

Polariton parametric emission⁴⁸

3000

25 (monolayer, RT)

Polariton propagation⁴²

DBR+Ag

120

80 (monolayer, RT)

Macroscopic valley-polarized polaritons³⁵

Ag+Ag

25–30

70–100 (monolayer, RT)

Optical control of valley polaritons³⁴

WSe₂

DBR+metal

110

23.5 (monolayer, RT)

Formation of Tamm-plasmon-exciton polariton⁶⁰

220

7.7 (multiple layers, 15 K, 2 s exciton state)

Enhanced nonlinear interaction of Rydberg polaritons⁴⁷

DBR + DBR

~26 (monolayer, 4.2 K)

Valley coherent exciton-polaritons³⁰

240

11.4 (monolayer, RT)

Room temperature valley coherence⁵³

4300 ± 400

30 (monolayer, RT)

Spatial coherence of exciton polariton⁴¹

MoSe₂

DBR + DBR

4600

46 (monolayer, 5 K)

Optical Valley Hall effect⁵⁹

Open cavity

~850

~4.4 (monolayer, 50 K, trion)

Valley-addressable exciton/trion- polaritons⁶²

20 (monolayer, 4.2 K)

Exciton-polaritons in van der Waals heterostructures⁶⁴

MoS₂

DBR + DBR

ħΓ_cav = 9 meV

46 ± 3 (monolayer, RT)

Formation of exciton polariton²⁴

ħΓ_cav = 10 meV

39 ± 5 (monolayer, RT)

Valley-polarized exciton-polaritons³¹

DBR+Ag

130

54 (monolayer, RT)

Formation of Tamm-plasmon exciton-polaritons⁶¹

Photonic crystal

WS₂

BSW

924 (at 650 nm)

795 (at 645 nm)

43 (monolayer, RT)

Interacting polariton fluids³⁶

1D PC

ħΓ_cav = 6.5 meV

22.2 (monolayer, RT)

Photonic-crystal exciton-polaritons³⁷

Topological polariton

ħΓ_cav = 6.5 meV

38 ± 1 (monolayer, 160 K)

Generation of helical topological exciton-polaritons⁶⁹

BIC-BSW

ħΓ_cav << 4.5 meV

>70 (monolayer, RT)

Strongly enhanced light-matter coupling⁷⁰

WSe₂

Metasurface

143

18 (monolayer, RT)

Metasurface integrated exciton-polaritons⁵⁴

BSW

641

56.8 (monolayer, RT)

111.13 (4 L, RT)

Boosting exciton transport⁶⁶

MoSe₂

BIC

>900

27 (monolayer, RT)

The formation of BIC-like polaritons⁶⁷

Plasmonic Nanocavity

WS₂

Plasmonic arrays

ħΓ_cav = 247.8 meV

138 (monolayer, RT)

Formation of strong plasmon–exciton couplings⁵⁵

Single nanoparticle

ħΓ_cav = 130 meV

150 (monolayer, 6 K, trion)

Tunable charged exciton polaritons⁷⁶

ħΓ_cav = 149 meV

91–133 (monolayer, RT)

Formation of strong plasmon–exciton couplings⁷⁷

Nanoparticle-on-mirror

ħΓ_cav = 180 meV

~163 (monolayer, RT)

Revealing Strong Plasmon-Exciton Coupling⁷³

ħΓ_cav = 220 meV

~240 (monolayer, RT)

Greatly Enhanced Plasmon-Exciton Coupling⁵⁶

MoS₂

Nanoparticle-on-mirror

ħΓ_cav = 45 meV

~130 (monolayer, RT)

Nonlinear valley phonon scattering⁷⁴

ħΓ_cav = 280 meV

190 (monolayer, RT)

Manipulating coherent light-matter interaction⁵⁷

Plasmonic arrays

ħΓ_cav = 90–116 meV

58 (monolayer, 77 K)

Formation of strong plasmon–exciton couplings⁸⁰

WSe₂

Nanoparticle-on-mirror

ħΓ_cav ≈ 66 meV

>135 (multiple layers, RT)

Formation of strong plasmon–exciton couplings⁷⁵

Single nanoparticle

ħΓ_cav = 110 meV

~100 (multiple layers, RT)

Formation of strong plasmon–exciton couplings⁷⁹

Self-hybridized cavities

WS₂

Bulk TMDCs on a glass substrate

~235 (thickness > 60 nm, RT)

Formation of self-hybridized exciton-polaritons⁸⁴

Patterned bulk TMDCs

ħΓ_grating = 133 meV

ħΓ_{exciton-cavity} = 50 meV

410 (multiple layers, RT)

Nanopatterned multilayer WS₂ grating resonators⁸⁶

ħΓ_cav = 30 meV

~116 (thickness = 45 nm, RT)

BIC-driven intrinsic strong coupling⁸⁵