Fig. 12: Deep PNNs based on coherent VCSEL array¹⁸⁴.

a Optical image of the used VCSEL array. The inset: scanning electron microscope image of a VCSEL. b Schematic illustration of the optical setup. c Benchmarking of optical inference with the VCSEL-based deep PNNs. Figure a is adapted from ref. ¹⁸⁴ with permission from the Springer Nature. Figure b and c are reprinted from ref. ¹⁸⁴ with permission from the Springer Nature