Fig. 3: Surface energy and morphology of ZnO, Ag, ZnO/Ag, and ZnO/Yb:Ag films. | Light: Science & Applications

Fig. 3: Surface energy and morphology of ZnO, Ag, ZnO/Ag, and ZnO/Yb:Ag films.

From: Transparent OLED displays for selective bidirectional viewing using ZnO/Yb:Ag cathode with highly smooth and low-barrier surface

Fig. 3

a–c Contact angles of a water droplet on ZnO, Ag, and Yb films, respectively. The contact angle is inversely proportional to the surface energy. d–f Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of 15-nm-thick Ag (a), ZnO/Ag (b), and ZnO/Yb doped Ag films (c). All scale bars, 100 nm. g–i Atomic force microscopic (AFM) images and surface roughness of 15-nm-thick Ag (d), ZnO/Ag (e), and ZnO/Yb doped Ag films (f)

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