Fig. 3: Theoretical calculations of multiple defects renovation.

a Calculated perovskite combined with p-FCA, along with the corresponding differential charge density distribution. b Electron localization function of p-FCA treated perovskite. c DOS curves of the pristine perovskite, perovskite containing a chloride vacancy and renovated by C=O group. d DOS curves of the pristine perovskite, perovskite containing a lead-chloride defect and renovated by hydroxy group