Fig. 4: The topological edge states in the non-Hermitian OAM lattice.
From: Observing half-integer topological winding numbers in non-Hermitian synthetic lattices
a OAM mode profile distributed relative to the pinhole, where only Gaussian mode (\(m=0\)) can pass through the pinhole. b The OAM lattice with a boundary at \(m=0\) formed by the introduction of pinholes on the WP and PPBS. c The \(k\)-resolved transmitted intensity spectrum (left) and total transmitted intensity spectrum (right) as \(\gamma =0\), \(\delta =0.2\pi\), \(\eta =0.5\pi\). d, e, f Theoretical edge state distributions. The parameters \((\gamma ,\eta ,\delta )\) correspond to \((0.35,-0.5\pi ,0.2\pi )\), \((0.35,-0.5\pi ,0.4\pi )\) and \((0.35,-0.5\pi ,0.9\pi )\). The eigenstate (\(w\)) and eigenenergy (\(v\)) winding numbers are labeled in the upper right corner. g, i, k Total transmitted intensity spectra while pumping the cavity with right-circular polarized Gaussian modes (\(m=0\)), respectively. The parameters \((\gamma ,\eta ,\delta )\) correspond to \((0.35,-0.5\pi ,0.2\pi )\), \((0.35,-0.5\pi ,0.4\pi )\) and \((0.35,-0.5\pi ,0.9\pi )\). The gray areas represent the zero energy gap. h, j, l. Total transmitted intensity spectra as the cavity is pumped with left-circular polarized Gaussian modes. The parameters \((\gamma ,\eta ,\delta )\) correspond to \((0.35,-0.5\pi ,0.2\pi )\), \((0.35,-0.5\pi ,0.4\pi )\) and \((0.35,-0.5\pi ,0.9\pi )\)
