Table 1 Comparison of state-of-the-art QKD-MCF experiments co-existing with classical communication

From: Integration of quantum key distribution and high-throughput classical communications in field-deployed multi-core fibers

Ref.

35

36

37

38

40

41

This work

QKD protocol

BB84 (T12)

3-state BB84

BB84 (phase)

BB84

BB84

BB84

3-state BB84

Decoy-state method

Two

One

One

N/A

Two

One

One

Detecting technology

Self-diff. SPAD

SNSPD

SPAD

SPAD

SPAD

SPAD

SPAD

SKR (bps)

605 k

2.86 M

10.9 k

1.4 k

16 k

4.4 k

1.15 k/0.41 k

# Classical channels (WDM × SDM)

2 × 5

1 × 37

N/A

8 × 6

N/A

1 × 6

170 × 3

Throughput (Tb/s)

0.1

0.37

N/A

9.6

N/A

0.67

110.8

MCF Diameter (μm)

185

248

>150

>180

>150

>150

125

# Cores

7

37

7

7

7

7

4

Distance (km)

53

7.9

1

1

10

2.5

6.3/25.2

Overall loss (dB)

14.1

3.75

5.9

6.74

-

>0.5

6.8–17.9

Environment

Lab

Lab

Lab

Lab

Lab

Lab

Field

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