Fig. 7: Skin-interfaced microfluidic sensors.
Form factors. a Epidermal temporary-tattoo electrochemical sensor for monitoring sweat lactate concentrations. Adapted with permission from ref. 167. b Wrist-mounted platform with integrated electrochemical sensors and flexible electronics for quantification of glucose, lactate, potassium, and sodium concentrations in sweat. Adapted with permission from ref. 170. c An adhesive bandage-style wearable sensor for wireless time-sequenced monitoring of sweat chloride levels. Adapted with permission from ref. 171. d Stretchable, epidermal microfluidic device conformally interfaced with the skin with integrated colorimetric assays for quantifying sweat chloride, lactate, pH, and glucose as well as sweat rate and total sweat loss. Adapted with permission from ref. 172. Advanced Capabilities. Examples of epidermal microfluidic devices with e passive capillary burst valves for time-sequenced analysis of sweat and f NFC-powered wireless electrochemical sensors for multiplexed sweat analysis. Adapted with permission from refs. 166,177. Integration of pharmacological sweat stimulation by iontophoresis enables continuous, wireless analysis of g chloride or h alcohol and glucose in sweat. Adapted with permission from refs. 180,181
