Fig. 3: FEM simulations of the designed microsolenoid with a magnetic core show its electric field gradient distribution and how it compares to other types of coils/solenoids.

a Magnetic flux density distribution of the microsolenoid on a z = 10 µm plane. b Electric field gradient (dEx/dx) distribution of the microsolenoid on the z = 10 µm plane. c dEx/dx for different types of inductors along the x-axis on the z = 2 µm plane. d dEx/dx for different types of inductors along the z-axis