Fig. 2: μSpeaker employing push-pull bending actuator.
From: The push-pull principle: an electrostatic actuator concept for low distortion acoustic transducers
Schematic top view and 3D visualization; a schematic top view of μSpeaker concept with one pair of push-pull bending actuators in initial state, w/o voltages; voltage distribution is depicted by different colors (e.g. red/blue ± udc. Green uac) b same view as in (a) but in deflected state exhibiting actuators bending in an odd mode relative to each other with constant voltages as well as signal voltage applied (at a time of uac being at its amplitude value). c Schematic 3D visualization of actuator arrangement in initial state, artistic colorization
