Fig. 3: Model equivalent circuit of biosensor and the interfacial capacitance representing each layer formed on surface functionalization and probe immobilization.
From: Label-free impedimetric immunosensor for point-of-care detection of COVID-19 antibodies

Schematic representation of a a simplified model equivalent circuit constituting a capacitive immunosensor and b interfacial capacitors formed by surface functionalization and S-protein immobilization of the IMA.