Fig. 2

Representative example of semi-automated analysis of histological images. a, b Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 highlighting cancer cells in (a) an MRI-detectable cancer and (b) an MRI-undetectable cancer, both of which show cribriform predominant growth. c, d Tissue components in (c) an MRI-detectable cancer and (d) an MRI-undetectable tumor are segmented into stroma (blue), luminal spaces (white), and cancer cells. Note a relatively higher area fraction of cancer cells and lower area fraction of stroma and luminal space in an MRI-detectable cancer as compared with an MRI-undetectable cancer. Immunoperoxidase stain, original magnification ×100