Fig. 4: RNAscope and clonality analyses of a DLBCL case showing distinct tumor areas with discordant EBV status (a–e) and an EBV-positive DLBCL case relapsed as EBV-negative by conventional methods (f–j).

DLBCL case characterized by an area of strongly EBER-ISH positive cells (a) and a region of completely negative EBER-ISH cells (b) that however showed occasional EBNA1 mRNA signals by RNAscope (red chromogen pointed by the arrow; panel c). An identically sized clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene rearrangement (260 base pairs) was identified in both the EBER-positive (d) and EBER-negative (e) microdissected areas. DLBCL case initially EBER-positive (brown chromogen; f) and relapsed as negative by EBER-ISH (g) while showing rare EBNA1 mRN signals by RNAscope (red chromogen; arrows in h). An identically sized abnormal clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene rearrangement (692 base pairs) was identified in both the EBER-positive (i) and EBER-negative (j) biopsies after microdissection of tumor cells.