Fig. 7: Nonlinear microscopy (NLM) images of Gleason pattern 5 prostatic adenocarcinoma from prostate needle core biopsies.
From: Real-time diagnosis and Gleason grading of prostate core needle biopsies using nonlinear microscopy
A Gleason pattern 5 consisting of sheets of tumor cells without gland formation (NLM: left, corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) H&E: right). A high magnification image (from a different depth below the surface of the same biopsy) showing prominent nucleoli is shown inset. B An NLM image of Gleason pattern 5 consisting of cords and strands of cells with minimal lumen formation acquired 5 µm below the biopsy surface (top), an NLM image acquired 10 µm below the biopsy surface (center), and a corresponding FFPE H&E (bottom). Evaluating NLM images at multiple depths confirmed that gland lumina were limited. The inset shows carcinoma in adipose tissue from another area of the biopsy. C An NLM image of a high-grade tumor that appears loosely connected to the stroma (top) and a corresponding FFPE H&E section (center). In another area of the biopsy, the top layer of stained tumor cells became detached from the biopsy (orange arrowhead) in the NLM image and migrated out of the main core specimen (bottom). The detachment of tumor cells leaves an area of weakly stained tissue, which is absent of NLM signal (black arrowhead). Scale bars = 50 µm.
