Table 2 Summary of reported advantages and limitations when utilizing DIA systems to assess Ki-67 for PanNENs.
AUTHOR, YEAR | ADVANTAGES | LIMITATIONS |
|---|---|---|
Bagci, 2012 | NR | Highest impact on turnaround time, depending on technician availability; low practicality and moderate accuracy |
Remes, 2012 | Quick, precise and reliable; not influenced by changes in cell size or growth patterns | NR |
Goodell, 2012 | Efficient method | Can be influenced by counting hotspot vs. randomly selected fields; low reproducibility if standardized thresholds are lacking |
Tang, 2012 | Ki67 quantification by MC and DIA demonstrate comparable accuracy | Inability to evaluate each tumor cell |
Cimic, 2014 | Reproducible | NR |
van Velthuysen, 2014 | Reproducible | NR |
Reid, 2015 | Pathologist independent | Dependent upon laboratory technician availability and instrument accessibility; high cost |
Kroneman, 2015 | Almost perfect correlation between MC and DIA | Difficulty with cell counting due to inability to separate individual cells because of indistinct cell borders |
Mejias, 2015 | NR | Inability to distinguish infiltrating lymphocytes and other non-neoplastic cells |
Neely, 2016 | Accurate for cytology | Risk of counting non-tumor contaminants (lymphocytes, pigmented macrophages) |
Burdette, 2016 | Accuracy | NR |
Jin, 2016 | NR | Non-tumor cell contamination and insufficient sampling |
Dere, 2019 | Reduction of time for Ki67 evaluation | Expensive |
Saadeh, 2020 | Accurate, efficient, reliable and reproducible | Inability to evaluate each tumor cell |
Satturwar, 2020 | Excellent reliability | NR |
Lea, 2021 | Improved reliability and reproducibility of grading | NR |
Boukhar, 2021 | Non-inferiority and substantial time savings | Expert morphologic assessment required for quantitative evaluation |
