Table 2 Modern classification of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia including the recommended terminology and diagnostic criteria for each lesion type.

From: HPV-independent, p53-wild-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a review of nomenclature and the journey to characterize verruciform and acanthotic precursor lesions of the vulva

  1. *p16 overexpression is defined as “block” strong nuclear and cytoplasmic staining involving at least the basal third of the epithelium.
  2. **p53 staining has six main patterns: those associated with TP53 mutations include basal overexpression, parabasal/diffuse overexpression, absent/null and cytoplasmic staining; patterns associated with a wild-type TP53 include scattered (heterogeneous basal/parabasal staining with variable intensities) and mid-epithelial (heterogeneous strong staining in mid-epithelial cells, with notable sparing of basal cells which in turn are negative to at most weakly positive).
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