Fig. 6

HFD affect the levels of metabolites and BDNF in the brain and in the plasma. Boxplots of neurotransmitter levels in the Nacc (a) and plasma (b) (n = 6/group). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 by moderated t-tests. c Heat map of the top 10 acylcarnitines differentially regulated by HFD and/or antibiotics in the hypothalamus and Nacc. d Heat map of the top 10 amino acids and derivatives differentially regulated by HFD and/or antibiotics in the hypothalamus and Nacc. Asterisk (*) and (#) represent metabolites significantly changed by HFD compared to chow levels, and significantly reversed to control levels by metronidazole (*) or vancomycin (#). e Western blots and quantification of mature BDNF and pro-BDNF reported to GAPDH in the Nacc of chow and HFD-fed mice, treated or not with antibiotics (n = 8/group). Data are shown as mean ± SEM, normalized to chow-fed mice. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 by ANOVA, followed by pre-planned t-tests. C chow, H HFD, M HFD + metronidazole, V HFD + vancomycin