Fig. 2

Characteristics of stage-dependent lipids. a Average temporal profiles and lipid class enrichment of eleven lipid groups. The lipid groups represent network modules based on concentration profiles of stage-dependent lipids across 403 samples from 396 individuals. Each dot represents a lipid. Silhouette symbols indicate lifespan stages. The panels show the average concentration patterns in each group, where each dot represents one sample, and group names and lipid numbers are shown on top. Dash lines show the median relative lipid concentration within a group. Colored areas and dots indicate lifespan stages with differential lipid concentrations (red—higher concentration; blue—lower concentration). Abbreviations next to the panels represent enriched lipid classes (FA fatty acids and conjugates, FAE fatty esters, Fl-OH flavonoids, CL glycerophosphoglycerophosphoglycerols (cardiolipins), PC glycerophosphocholines, Neutral-[glycan]-Cer neutral glycosphingolipids, Oxidized-GP oxidized glycerophospholipids, PSL phosphosphingolipids, TG triradylglycerols). b KEGG pathways enriched in stage-dependent lipids. The heatmap shows the BH-corrected P values of the hypergeometric tests