Table 2 Studies of anterior cingulate cortex
From: The neuropathology of bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis
Study | Sample (Con/BD) | Sub-regions investigated | Stain | Parameters measured | Key significant findings in BD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Öngür et al. (1998) [8] | A:5/4 B:11/14 | Subgenual | Nissl | Volume. Neuronal and glial number, density and size. | A: Decreased glial density. B: Decreased glial densitya. No differences in volumes or neuronal parameters. |
Benes et al. (2001) [25] | 12/10 | Pregenual, BA24, layers I-VI | Nissl | Layer thickness. Density and size of pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons. Density of glia. | Layer I larger (+21%), layer III smaller (−12%). Non-pyramidal neurons: density decreased in layer II (−28%), size increased in layer II (+21%) and III (+23%). Pyramidal neurons larger in layer II (+24%). No differences in glial density or pyramidal neuron density. |
Bouras et al. (2001) [26] | 55/21 | Subgenual and supragenual (BA24a/b), layers II, III, V, VI | Nissl | Cortical and layer thickness. Neuronal density and size. | Subgenual: reduced cortical thickness (−20%), significant in layers III, V, and VI (all −15–21%). Decreased neuronal density in layer III (−31%), V (−25%) and VI (−23%). No difference in neuronal size. Supragenual: no differences. |
Cotter et al. (2001) [27] | 15/15 | Supragenual, BA24b, layers I, II, III, Va, Vb, VI | Nissl | Neuronal and glial density. Neuronal size. | No differences. |
Cotter et al. (2002b) [36] | 15/15 | Supragenual, BA24 | CB, CR, PV | Neuronal density. Neuronal size. Clustering of neurons. | Reduced density of CB-positive neurons in layer II (−33%).b Increased clustering of PV-positive neurons. No differences in CR-positive neurons. |
Chana et al. (2003) [40] | 15/15 | Supragenual, BA24c | Nissl | Layer thickness. Neuronal and glial density. Neuronal and glial size. Clustering of neurons and glia. | No difference in cortical layer thickness. Neuronal density increased in layer VI (+56%). Neuronal size reduced in layer IIIb and V. Reduced neuronal clustering. No glial differences. |
Todtenkopf et al. (2005)c [50] | 6/6 | Pregenual, BA24, layers I-VI | Nissl | Density of pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons, and glial density. | Reduced pyramidal neuron density in layer V (−12%). Reduced non-pyramidal neuron density in layers V (−12%) and VI (−21%). Reduced glial density in layers III (−35%), V (−37%) and VI (−31%). |
Bielau et al. (2007) [55] | 19/11 | Pregenual | GAD | Neuronal density | No differences |
Connor et al. (2009) [64] | 45d/15 | Supragenual, caudal BA24 and underlying white matter, compartments I–V | NeuN, Iba-1 | Neuronal density. Neuronal size. Iba-1-positive microglial density in white matter. | Neuronal density increased (+79%) in white matter, significant in compartments II–V. Neuronal density unchanged in grey matter (n = 5 cases). No differences in neuronal size. No differences in Iba-1 immunoreactivity. |
Brüne et al. (2010) [66] | 22/20 | Supragenual, BA24, layer Vb | Nissl | Cortical and layer thickness. Density of VENs. | No differences |
Hercher et al. (2010) [68] | 7/5 | Supragenual, BA24, layer VI | Golgi | Dendritic branching | Fewer third-order branches |
Sinka et al. (2012) [78] | 7/10 | Subgenual and dorsal BA24, layers III and V | Nissl, Gallyas | Cortical and layer thickness. Neuronal density. Diameter of capillaries. | No difference in cortical or layer thickness. Neuronal density increased in dorsal BA24 layers III (+29%) and V (+32.3%). Reduced capillary diameter in both layers in dorsal and subgenual ACC (overall −23%). |
Mosebach et al. (2013) [81] | 16/8 | Pregenual, BA32, and underlying white matter | Nissl, olig1 | Oligodendrocyte density | No differences |
Williams et al. (2013a) [82] | 19/15 | Subgenual | Nissl | Cortical and layer thickness | Cortex thinner at crown (−10%). No changes in layer thicknesse |
Williams et al. (2013b) [83] | 19/15 | Subgenual | Nissl, GFAP | Density of GFAP-positive cells. Density of oligodendrocytes | No differences |
Williams et al. (2014) [86] | 19/15 | Subgenual | GFAP | Density of fibrillary and gemistocytic astrocytes | No differences |
Krause et al. (2017) [91] | 3/3 | Supragenual, BA24b, layer Vb | EM | Lysosomal aggregations in VENs and pyramidal neurons | No differences |
