Table 1 Characteristics of studies included for meta-analysis
Study (year) | Field strength (Tesla) | TE (ms) | TR (ms) | Acquisition sequence | CRLB threshold | Creatine scaling | Patients (n) | Controls (n) | Age | % Female | Antidepressants (yes = 1: no = 0) | Benzodiazepines (yes = 1: no = 0) | Mood stabilizers (yes = 1: no = 0) | Antipsychotics (yes = 1: no = 0) | HAMD 17 | HAMD 21 | HAMD 24 | MADRS | BDI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abdallah (2014) [50] | 4 | 68 | 2500 | J-editing | 16% | 23 | 17 | 43.3 | 72.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30.1 | |||||
Abdallah (2015) [51] | 3 | 68 | 1500 | 26 | 26 | 38.3 | 44.2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.2 | |||||||
Abdallah (2017) [18] | 3 | 68 | 2500 | PRESS | Cr-scaling | 30 | 35 | 36.2 | 60.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25.1 | |||||
Auer (2000) [52] | 1.5 | 35 | 2000 | PRESS | 20% | 19 | 18 | 46.8 | 62.2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Baeken (2017) [9] | 3 | 40 | 2000 | PRESS | 18 | 18 | 46.5 | 66.7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
Bhagwagar (2007) [53] | 3 | 26 | 3000 | PRESS | 20% | Cr-scaling | 15 | 18 | 39.6 | 57.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 | ||||
Bhagwagar (2008) [12] | 3 | 68 | 3000 | PRESS | 20% | Cr-scaling | 12 | 11 | 37.6 | 52.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Binesh (2004) [54] | 1.5 | 30 | 2000 | L-COSY | Cr-scaling | 12 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Block (2009) [55] | 3 | 30,140 | 2000 | PRESS | Cr-scaling | 18 | 10 | 36.0 | 42.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23.5 | |||||
Brennan (2017) [56] | 3 | 35–350 | 2000 | JPRESS | 20% | Cr-scaling | 19 | 10 | 38.5 | 44.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21.1 | 26.8 | |||
Caetano (2005) [57] | 1.5 | 30 | 6000 | PRESS | 14 | 22 | 13.5 | 36.1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
Chen (2014) [13] | 1.5 | 30 | 3000 | PRESS | 20% | 15 | 15 | 27.7 | 60.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23.33 | |||||
de Diego-Adelino (2013) [58] | 3 | 38 | 2000 | PRESS | 20% | 52 | 16 | 46.1 | 75.0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Gabbay (2017) [10] | 3 | 68 | 1500 | PRESS | 44 | 36 | 16.1 | 57.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24.32 | ||||||
Godlewska (2015) [59] | 3 | 8500 | 3200 | SPECIAL | 20% | Cr-scaling | 33 | 27 | 30.1 | 58.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30.1 | ||||
Godlewska (2017) [60] | 7 | 36 | 3000 | 30% | 55 | 50 | 31.3 | 56.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
Grimm (2012) [61] | 3 | 80 | 3000 | PRESS | 14 | 14 | 35.6 | 50.0 | 0 | 22 | |||||||||
Hasler (2005) [62] | 3 | PRESS | Cr-scaling | 16 | 15 | 41.3 | 80.6 | 0 | |||||||||||
Hasler (2007) [63] | 3 | 68 | 1500 | PRESS | Cr-scaling | 20 | 20 | 34.4 | 65.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | |||||
Hermens (2015) [64] | 3 | 35 | PRESS | 20% | Cr-scaling | 63 | 38 | 22.6 | 65.4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 13.8 | ||||||
Horn (2010) [65] | 3 | 80 | 2000 | PRESS | 20% | Cr-scaling | 18 | 22 | 36.4 | 45.0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17.17 | |||||
Jarnum (2011) [66] | 3 | 30 | 2000 | PRESS | 20% | 23 | 26 | 42.6 | 26.5 | 1 | 1 | 22.3 | |||||||
Jayaweera (2015) [67] | 3 | 35 | 2000 | PRESS | 20% | Cr-scaling | 35 | 21 | 64.3 | 71.4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7.06 | ||||
Jollant (2017) [68] | 8.5 | 3000 | SPECIAL | 20% | Cr-scaling | 25 | 33 | 35.1 | 60.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29.0 | |||||
Li (2016) [69] | 3 | 30 | 1500 | PRESS | 20% | 20 | 20 | 29.9 | 57.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.5 | |||||
Li (2014) [70] | 3 | 80 | 2000 | PRESS | 20% | Cr-scaling | 24 | 25 | 37.0 | 49.0 | 1 | 1 | 18 | ||||||
McEwen (2012) [71] | 3 | 27 | 3000 | STEAM | 20% | 12 | 12 | 28.9 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Menke (2012) [72] | 1.5 | 35 | 2000 | PRESS | 20% | Cr-scaling | 61 | 50 | |||||||||||
Michael (2003) [73] | 1.5 | 20 | 2500 | STEAM | 20% | 12 | 12 | 62.7 | 58.3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 37.9 | |||||
Milne (2009) [74] | 3 | 35 | 2000 | PRESS | 20% | 28 | 27 | 37.3 | 54.5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.1 | |||||
Mu (2007) [75] | 1.5 | 144 | 2500 | PRESS | Cr-scaling | 20 | 20 | 36.2 | 50.0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 27.5 | |||||
Nery (2009) [76] | 1.5 | 30 | 3000 | PRESS | 20% | 37 | 40 | 38.4 | 64.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.8 | |||||
Pfleiderer (2003) [11] | 1.5 | 20 | 2500 | STEAM | 20% | 17 | 17 | 60.6 | 70.6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 37.7 | |||||
Poletti (2016) [77] | 3 | 30 | 2000 | PRESS | Cr-scaling | 19 | 17 | 39.5 | 69.4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||||
Portella (2011) [78] | 3 | 38 | 2000 | PRESS | 30% | 45 | 15 | 45.8 | 73.3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Rosa (2017) [79] | 3 | 31 | 1500 | PRESS | 20% | 33 | 25 | 28.3 | 100.0 | 1 | 24.3 | ||||||||
Rosenberg (2004) [80] | 1.5 | PRESS | 14 | 14 | 15.6 | 64.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||
Rosenberg (2005) [81] | 1.5 | 30 | 3000 | PRESS | 14 | 14 | 15.6 | 64.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
Sanacora (2004) [82] | 2.1 | 33 | 38 | 38.6 | 52.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Shirayama (2017) [83] | 3 | 30 | 4000 | PRESS | 25% | 22 | 27 | 38.6 | 28.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21.5 | |||||
Taylor (2009) [84] | 3 | 26 | 3000 | PRESS | Cr-scaling | 14 | 16 | 32.2 | 70.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | |||||
Taylor (2012) [85] | 3 | 30 | 3000 | PRESS | 20% | Cr-scaling | 19 | 27 | 31.8 | 60.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23.2 | 31.5 | |||
Taylor (2017) [86] | 7 | 10 | 3000 | STEAM | 20% | 17 | 18 | 23.2 | 51.4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 18 | |||||
Urrila (2017) [87] | 3 | 30 | 2000 | PRESS | 9 | 10 | 16.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11.9 | 15.8 | |||||
Venkatraman (2009) [88] | 3 | 30 | 3000 | CHESS PRESS | 20–30% | 14 | 12 | 72.4 | 53.8 | 1 | 6.3 | ||||||||
Walter (2009) [89] | 3 | 31–229 | 2500 | JPRESS | 20% | Cr-scaling | 19 | 24 | 37.0 | 67.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33.1 | 29.9 | |||
Yang (2016) [90] | 3 | 30 | 2000 | PRESS | 17 | 11 | 18.5 | 60.7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 23.94 | 28.65 | |||||
Zhang (2016) [91] | 3 | 69 | 3000 | MEGA-PRESS | 20% | Cr-scaling | 11 | 11 | 33.9 | 100.0 | 1 | 22.91 | |||||||
Zhao (2015) [92] | 1.5 | 135 | 1700 | Cr-scaling | 30 | 30 | 0 | 23.6 |
